History of Internet Essay -- essays research papers

Indeed, the Internet is experiencing a significant progress as it encounters a gigantic inundation of new clients. Due to the anarchic, disseminated nature of the net, we can't start to count the populace of the Internet or its development. As a greater amount of the world's populace proceeds onward line, new concerns will emerge which didn't stand up to the prior ages. The new culture will request various assets, administrations and innovation than the old ages expected and utilized. As of now we can observer a conflict between the emanant culture and the settled in culture. The biggest clashes happening currently are tied in with sharing assets, the approaching commercialization of the net, and the developing issue of PC wrongdoing. The Internet was conceived in the association of government and scientists, what's more, for two decades thereafter remained generally the domain of those two gatherings. The net started as ARPANET, the Advanced Research Undertakings Agency Net, intended to be decentralized to support activities through an atomic assault. This nature perseveres today in the flexibility of the net, both mechanically and in its way of life. ARPANET was eliminated in 1990 and the net spine was taken over by NSFNET (National Science Foundation). Since 1969 the primary clients of the internet have been engaged with research or in the college network as PC specialists or programmers, investigating the constraints and abilities of this new innovation. These individuals shaped a strong network with a considerable lot of similar objectives and morals. Notwithstanding the homogeneity of the net, the little size added to a solid sentiment of network. There has been a few struggle between the programmers and the analysts over sharing assets, and ways of thinking about security and protection, however on the entire, the two gatherings have existed together without significant occurrence. The most current of the individuals from the purported old age are the college clients who are not engaged with research deal with the net. For the most part these are the understudies utilizing the net for email, perusing netnews and taking an interest in intelligent constant discussions through talk, telnet or irc. This flood of individuals incorporated easily with the network as it existed. As yet sharing the regular exploration furthermore, instruction direction, the network stayed strong and the way of life didn't change a lot, maybe it just extended in the progressively lively regions. These clients didn't contend ... ...go. For a long time in the wake of composing started, this ability was left in the possession of the informed tip top - chiefly the congregation hirelings. At the point when education at long last went to the lion's share of the working class and a portion of the lower class, the Renaissance started. Correspondingly, we are seeing the opening of a new vehicle of data to the general people, and we can as it were surmise at the result. References 1.Brandt, Daniel. The internet Wars: Microprocessing versus Huge Sibling. NameBase NewsLine, No. 2, July-August 1993. 2.Response from Canter&Siegel's net access suppliers April 1994 3.Dern, Daniel. ''Fantasy or Menace? A History of Business on the Net.'' Internet World July/August 1994 pp 96-98. 4.Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. ''Fight for the Soul of the Internet.'' Time Magazine, July 25, 1994 pp 50-56. 5.Hardy, Henry. History of the Net 6.Hirsh, Robert. AOL FTP Access Oct 13, 1994. 7.US State of MD gopher site 8.Meyer, Gordon. The Social Organization of the Computer Underground. August 1989 9.Otto, Justin. post to alt.netcom.conspiracy Aug 9, 1994. 10.Townson, Patrick. MCI Employee Cearged TELECOM Digest V14 #385 11.Taylor, Roger. ''Fearless New Internet.'' Internet World, September 1994 pp 36-42.

Sports Essay Research Paper For this assignment free essay sample

Sports Essay, Research Paper For this task I needed to focus on baseball directors. Be that as it may, I couldn't go to two games each on an alternate degree in light of the fact that now in cut simply the school season is in progress. So then again of go toing a game at a degree other than school, I went to a secondary school design meeting. From the outset the director was a spot perceiving about leting me to go to, however he at long last permitted me to after a more youthful sibling of a companion of mine who was on the crew guaranteed him that I wasn t a covert operator for another crew. All things considered, I anticipated that the example should be severe and capable in nature and an offer way chief who incredibly esteemed winning. In any case, it was somewhat the opposite. The supervisor, amazingly, bought in to a rather agreeable/infant sitting exchange name of preparing. The example had tiny development or association. We will compose a custom paper test on Sports Essay Research Paper For this task or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After a concise warm-up period, which comprised of a light run and short extending business as usual, he simply split the crew into two gatherings. One set out toward the two batting coops and the other spread themselves out to make full the parity of the exercise center to toss lastly arranged to take land balls from the aide chief. This continued for about entireness of the two-hour design ( the gatherings exchanged about mid way through ) . During this clasp the caput supervisor openly meandered the rec center, ending here and at that place, offering all things considered minor course to where he felt it was required. While he was making this, the individuals who were holding up their twist to either chiropteran or field were drop the balling about rather a spot ( at any rate fitting to my standards ) . Just when things got too much frightful did the administrator mediate. He didn T appear to think much about the physical or mental improvement of his members. I need to recognize that I was sensibly alarmed to see this going on. I played baseball at that place every one of the four mature ages under two diverse caput directors. Both were what you could name martinets ; they were truly composed and organized examples in such a way, that they required your total going to from start T o covering. I was interesting to perceive how the crew faired last twelvemonth under the present government so I addressed my companion s more youthful sibling. As anyone might expect the crew had perhaps the most unfortunate season in mature ages. I thought that it was dismal to see my old secondary school go from decent to foolish. I other than felt frustrated about those playing for the present chief. The subject, hard working attitude, and qualities transmitted from the order/helpful way supervisors that I played for will non be ingrained in those playing under this administrator. The school administrator I watched was more in accordance with the directors I played for in secondary school. He was considerably more organized and trained and fit what I felt was a mix of offer and purposeful way of instructing. After a run and stretch, the crew released up with some long hurling. After around five or six proceedingss of that, the chief called them in for multi-infield ( which, Unlike the secondary school supervisor, who had his partner hit one land ball at a clasp, this administrator ( like my previous directors ) had outfielders hit land balls to the infielders with the goal that every infielder could have the maximal aggregate of land balls in a restricted time of clasp ) . At long last the outfielders took their places and the infielders gave them multi-outfield. To gain a greater amount of a misgiving of what way of preparing the administrator utilized I remained close to the burrow for the majority of the game. He positively stressed winning, however at a similar clasp he thought about his members. There were a duo of events where members committed mental and physical errors. He positively permit them cognize that they made a blunder ; he raised his voice rather a spot ( non yelling however non talking either ) . Be that as it may, he was neer take bringing down, and at whatever point he was finished gaining their joining in and showing out mistakes he offered consolation, please, you re better that that, or get thousand after clasp. I felt that this supervisor was acceptable adjusted and offered substantially more guidance than the secondary school administrator, which in my estimation is essential when preparing in competitory degrees of sorted out athleticss.

Fish oil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fish oil - Assignment Example This impact is attainable when fish oil is overwhelmed by amino acids. Another advantage of fish oil is that it upgrades the invulnerability by supporting the white platelet action (Sears, 2014). It additionally improves insulin affectability in muscles and advances the conveyance of supplements over the cell layer. Moreover, it is useful in quickening of digestion and decrease of triglyceride levels. At last, omega-3 assumes an essential job in mental health, particularly in infants and ongoing examination shows that it is advantageous in treating subjective conditions, dementia just as Alzheimer’s ailment (Sears, 2014). The assimilation of fish oil happens in the small digestive organs through the procedure of hydrolysis by the pancreatic lipase and bile salts to create two unsaturated fats and a monoglyceride that are caught up in the digestive organs and reassembled to triglycerides (Maroon, 2006). The triglycerides are moved into lymphatic channels and later into the circulation system by chylomicrons (Maroon, 2006). Bioavailability alludes to the capacity of the ingestible container of omega 3 unsaturated fats to be consumed by the body into the circulatory system, tissues and organs. Bioavailability is significant in light of the fact that it decides the measure of case to be ingested for appropriate impact on the body (Wexler, 2007). Research exhibits that the most bio accessible fish oil is that with the re-esterified triglyceride structure. Ingestion of omega-3 enhancements is increasingly powerful after a feast when contrasted with ingestion on an unfilled stomach (Wexler, 2007). The danger of heart ailments is best forestalled by bringing down the degrees of low-thickness lipoproteins (LDLS) and blood cholesterol and expanding high-thickness lipoproteins (HDLs) in the blood. Eskimos diet comprises to a great extent of greasy fish. It is imperative that corpulence in this network is predominant (Luten, 2006). Late examinations led on sardines and salmons, which are their primary food uncovered that, but their overwhelming loads,

An Overview Of The Indian Copyright Act International Law - Free Essay Example

The Indian Copyright Act laws have been formulated on the basis of several of the International laws, conventions and agreements. Despite this, several differences exist within the scope of each of these laws. Also, the intensity of copyright law enforcement in India is not as effective as in the other countries. For this purpose, a comparison of the copyrights situation in India with the copyrights situations in other countries, will give a better view of the advantages, differences and the shortcomings, in the existing legal system in India. An overview and a subsequent analysis, is being made with respect to: The copyrights situation in India and the copyrights situations in the three countries namely USA, Canada Australia; The societies involved in protection of copyrights in India and also other countries; The findings from the analysis, has been presented in the form of evaluations of the copyright statutes in other countries and the existing drawbacks in India. Before going into the comparative analysis, a brief overview of the history of copyrights in the world, and subsequent developments in copyrights in the international scenario, will be able to offer a better understanding and perspective of the analysis presented thereof. V.2. Origin Growth of Copyrights 1 The concept Copyrights was introduced after the invention of the printing press and the growth of public awareness. It has its origins in Britain in the 17th Century, in order to bring about a transformation to the monopolies of printers. V.2.1. Licensing Act 1962 The King of England passed the Licensing Act of 1662 which necessitated a register of licensed books and required a copy to be deposited with the Stationers Company, for the benefit of printers. V.2.2. Statute of Anne In 1709, The Statute of Anne was the first real copyright act, which gave rights for a fixed period, to the authors in the new state of Britain, after which the copyright expired. Ever since, Copyright has grown from a legal concept regulating copying rights in the publishing of books and maps to one with a significant effect on nearly every modern industry covering items such as sound recordings, films, photographs, software, and architectural works. Internationally, the first ever Copyright convention called the Berne Convention was held on the 9 September 1886, at Switzerland, which set out the scope of copyright protection, and is still in force to this day. V.3. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886 2 The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is an international agreement about copyright, which was first adopted in Berne, Switzerland in 1886. Under the Berne Convention, copyrights for creative works do not have to be asserted or declared, as they are automatically in force at creation, i.e., an author need not register or apply for a copyright. As soon as a work written, its author is automatically entitled to all copyrights in the work and to any derivative works, unless and until the author explicitly disclaims them, or until the copyright expires. The Berne Convention also resulted in foreign authors being treated equivalently to domestic authors, in any country signed onto the Convention. Prior to the adoption of the Berne Convention, national copyright laws would only apply for works created within each country. For ex: A work published in Paris by a French national would be covered by copyright in France, but could be copied and sold b y anyone in the United Kingdom. Similar to the Paris Convention of 1883 for the protection of Industrial Property, the Berne Convention set up a bureau to handle the administrative tasks. In 1893, these two small bureaus merged and became the United International Bureaus for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI), situated in Berne. In 1967 BIRPI became WIPO, the World Intellectual Property Organization, which, since 1974, is an organization within the United Nations. V.3.1. Berne Convention was revised in the following years: 1896 (Paris), 1908 (Berlin), 1914 (Berne), 1928 (Rome), 1948 (Brussels), 1967 (Stockholm), 1971 (Paris), Amended in 1979 (Paris) V.3.2. Countries which became parties to the Berne Convention United Kingdom signed the Berne Convention in 1887 but did not implement it until 100 years later, when the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 was passed. The United States refused initially to become a party to the Convention. However, on March 1, 1989, the US Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 came into force. Since almost all nations are members of the World Trade Organization, the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement requires non-members to accept the conditions of the Berne Convention. As of April 2007, 163 countries, including India, are parties to the Berne Convention. The following requirements were mentioned under the Berne Convention: All works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the authors death (but the concerned parties are free to provide longer terms). Photography a minimum term of 25 years from the year the photograph was created Cinematography a minimum is 50 years after first showing, or 50 years after creation if it hasnt been shown within 50 years after the creation. Countries under the older revisions of the treaty may choose to provide their own protection terms, and certain types of works (such as phonorecords and motion pictures) may be provided shorter terms. Although the Berne Convention states that the copyright law of the country where copyright is claimed shall be applied, article 7.8 states that unless the legislation of that country otherwise provides, the term shall not exceed the term fixed in the country of origin of the work i.e. an author is normal ly not entitled a longer copyright abroad than at home, even if the laws abroad give a longer term. This is known as the rule of the shorter term. It can be stated that the Berne convention has inspired several countries like India to frame their own legislations on Intellectual property rights protection and also enter into a global agreement such as TRIPS. V.4. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 3 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It is dedicated to developing a balanced and accessible international intellectual property (IP) system, which rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to economic development while safeguarding the public interest. WIPO was established by the WIPO Convention in 1967 with a mandate from its Member States to promote the protection of IP throughout the world through cooperation among states and in collaboration with other international organizations. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The members of the Berne Union are required to recognize the copyright of works of authors from other member countries, in the same way it recognizes the copyright of its own nationals. For instance, French copyright law applies to anything published or performed in France, regardless of where it was originally created. A system of equal treatment was established, which int ernationalized copyright amongst its members. The agreement also required member states to provide strong minimum standards for copyright law. Aspects related to Performers, which were not included in Berne Convention, were covered under the Rome Convention, which can be viewed as follows. V.5. Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations 1961 4 The Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations was accepted by members of the World Intellectual Property Organization on October 26, 1961. The agreement extended copyright protection for the first time from the author of a work to the creators and owners of particular, physical manifestations of intellectual property, such as audiocassettes or DVDs. The Convention secures protection in performances of performers, phonograms of producers of phonograms and broadcasts of broadcasting organizations, and the provisions are: V.5.1. Performers Actors, singers, musicians, dancers and other persons who perform literary or artistic works are protected against certain acts they have not consented to. Such acts are: the broadcasting and the communication to the public of their live performance; the fixation of their live performance; the reproduction of such a fixation if the original fixation was made without their consent or if the reproduction is made for purposes different from those for which they gave their consent. V.5.2. Producers of phonograms Producers of phonograms enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms. Phonograms are defined in the Rome Convention as meaning any exclusively aural fixation of sounds of a performance or of other sounds. When a phonogram published for commercial purposes gives rise to secondary uses (such as broadcasting or communication to the public in any form), a single equitable remuneration must be paid by the user to the performers, or to the producers of phonograms, or to both; contracting States are free, however, not to apply this rule or to limit its application. V.5.3. Broadcasting organizations Broadcasting organizations enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit certain acts, namely: the rebroadcast of their broadcasts; the fixation of their broadcasts; the reproduction of such fixations; the communication to the public of their television broadcasts if such communication is made in places accessible to the public against payment of an entrance fee. The Rome Convention allows exceptions in national laws to the above-mentioned rights as regards private use, use of short excerpts in connection with the reporting of current events, ephemeral fixation by a broadcasting organization by means of its own facilities and for its own broadcasts, use solely for the purpose of teaching or scientific research and in any other cases. Also, once a performer has consented to the incorporation of his performance in a visual or audiovisual fixation, the provisions on performers rights have no further application. Protection must last at least until the end of a period of 20 years comp uted from the end of the year in which: (a) The fixation was made, for phonograms and for performances; (b) The performance took place, for performances not incorporated in phonograms; (c) The broadcast took place, for broadcasts. However, national laws ever more frequently provide for a 50-year term of protection, at least for phonograms and for performances. WIPO is responsible, jointly with the ILO and UNESCO, for the administration of the Rome Convention. These three organizations constitute the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Committee set up under the Convention and consisting of the representatives of 12 Contracting States. The Convention does not provide for the institution of a Union or a budget. It establishes an Intergovernmental Committee composed of Contracting States, which considers questions concerning the Convention. This Convention is open to all states that are party to the Berne Convention of 1886 or to the Universal Copyright Conve ntion. Instruments of ratification or accession must be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. States may make reservations with regard to the application of certain provisions. V.6. WTO Agreement on TRIPS 5 The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of Intellectual Property regulation. It was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994. The TRIPS agreement is an attempt to narrow the gaps in the way these rights are protected around the world, and to bring them under common international rules. It establishes minimum levels of protection that each government has to give to the intellectual property of fellow WTO members. When there are trade disputes over intellectual property rights, the WTO dispute settlement system is now available. Similar to the GATT GATS, non-discrimination was described as: (a) National treatment i.e., treating ones own nationals and foreigners equally; (b) Most-favored-nation treatment i.e., equal treatment for nationals of al l trading partners in the WTO); (c) Intellectual property protection should contribute to technical innovation and the transfer of technology. The second part of the TRIPS agreement looks at different kinds of intellectual property rights and how to protect them. The purpose is to ensure that adequate standards of protection exist in all member countries. Areas not covered under the Paris Convention and the Berne Convention was covered under the TRIPS agreement. It is observed that most of the items listed in the GATT are highly relevant to performing artists. Provisions under the TRIPS agreement Copyright terms must extend to 50 years after the death of the author, although films and photographs are only required to have 50 and 25 year terms, respectively.(Art.  7(2),(4)) Copyright must be granted automatically, and not based upon any formality, such as registrations or systems of renewal. Computer programs must be regarded as literary works under copyright law and receive the same terms of protection. National exceptions to copyright (such as fair use in the United States) are constrained by the Berne three-step test Patents must be granted in all fields of technology, although exceptions for certain public interests are allowed (Art.  27.2 and 27.3) and must be enforceable for at least 20 years (Art 33). Exceptions to the exclusive rights must be limited, provided that a normal exploitation of the work (Art.  13) and normal exploitation of the patent (Art  30) is not in conflict. No unreasonable prejudice to the legitimate in terests of the right holders of computer programs and patents is allowed. Legitimate interests of third parties have to be taken into account by patent rights (Art  30). V.7. Relevance of International conventions treaties to India The Indian Copyright Act today is compliant with most international conventions and treaties in the field of copyrights.   India is a member of the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified at Paris in 1971), the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951 and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of 1995. Though India is not a member of the Rome Convention of 1961, the Copyright Act, 1957 is fully compliant with the Rome Convention provisions. Two new treaties, collectively termed as Internet Treaties, were negotiated in 1996 under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).   These treaties are called the WIPO Copyrights Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT).   These treaties were negotiated essentially to provide for protection of the rights of copyright holders, performers and producers of phonograms in the Internet and digital era.   India is not a member of these treaties as yet. The onus of the execution of the Copyright Act in India falls on the Copyright office. The issue of licenses and collecting royalties is taken care of by the registered copyright societies. In this respect, an overview of the registered copyright societies in India will give a clearer picture of the actual Copyrights in India. V.8. Overview of Registered Copyright Societies in India 6 A copyright society is a registered collective administration society. Such a society is formed by copyright owners. The minimum membership required for registration of a society is seven. Ordinarily, only one society is registered to do business in respect of the same class of work. A copyright society can issue or grant licenses in respect of any work in which copyright subsists or in respect of any other right given by the Copyright Act. There are five well known copyright societies in India, which include: V.8.1. IPRS 7 The Indian Performing Right Society Limited came into existence on 23rd August 1969. The IPRS is a representative body of Owners of Music, viz. The Composers, Lyricists (or Authors) and the Publishers of Music and is also the sole authorized body to issue Licenses, permitting usage of Music within India by any person. The society is a non-profit making organization and is a Company Limited by Guarantee and Registered under the Companies Act, 1956. It is also registered under Section 33 of the Copyright Act, 1957 as a Copyright Society in India, to issue licenses for usage of music. IPRS is presently the only national copyright society in the country which is permitted to commence and carry on copyright business in musical works and any words or any action intended to be sung, spoken or performed with the music. It has received the certificate of registration from the registrar of copyrights on 27th of March, 1996. IPRS collects royalties and distribute this amongst copyright own ers, after deducting its administrative costs. Members of IPRS As according to the available information on membership, Dr.M.Balamuralikrishna, Sri.K.J.Yesudas, Pt.Ramnarayan, Smt.Shubha Mudgal, Pt.Hariprasad Chaurasia, Sri.L.Krishnan, are the only few classical musicians who are registered as members of IPRS. No classical musician or classical dancer, arts organization, arts institution or other audio broadcasting company from Hyderabad Secunderabad has taken membership with IPRS. V.8.2. PPL 8 The Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI), the Association of Phonogram Producers, was established in 1936, and it was Instrumental in finalizing the broadcasting license arrangement in India. Subsequently, IPI members decided to form a specialized body to administer their Public Performance and broadcasting rights, and PPL came into being in 1941. The IPI changed its name to The Indian Music Industry (IMI) in 1994. PPL has been functioning as the Performing Rights Society for Sound Recordings. After the recent amendments in copyright law, PPL was registered with the registrar of copyrights in 1996, as a copyright society, permitted to carry on business in sound recordings. The functions of PPL include (a) Issue of Licenses for usage of sound recordings; (b) Music reporting which requires the licensees to provide data on their works; (c) Documentation of members sound recordings; and (d) Distribution of royalties to members. Members of PPL The only member of PPL from Hyderabad: Aditya Music (India) Pvt. Ltd. No classical musician or classical dancer, arts organization, arts institution or other audio broadcasting company from Hyderabad Secunderabad has taken membership PPL, nor are any music or dance related documents registered with the society. V.8.3. IMI 9 Indian Music Industry was established on 28th Feb 1936 as the Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI), and is second oldest music companies associations in the world engaged in defending, preserving and developing the rights of phonogram producers, and actively promoting and encouraging advancement of creativity and culture, through sound recordings. Rechristened Indian Music Industry (IMI) in 1994, it is a non-commercial and not for profit making organization affiliated to the International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and is registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. IMI members includes major record companies in India, which represent over 75% of the output in legitimate recordings and a wide range of musical repertoire. In spite of the fact that IMI has been instrumental in conducting hundreds of anti-piracy raids spanning the length and breadth of the country, the Indian music industry has lost of over Rs.1800 crores in the past three years. IM I plays an increasingly vital role in activities such as Anti-piracy Campaign, Promoting copyright law and its enforcement, Supporting International Copyright conventions, promoting new technologies mainly for assisting right owners, Liaising with the Government in industry matters, and helping public awareness about copyright. Members of IMI Aditya Music (India) Pvt Ltd Hyderabad Sohan Music Secunderabad are the only two members from Hyderabad, for this organization. Dr.K.J.Yesudas is the only classical musician cum movie singer whose company is a member of this organization. No audio company or broadcasting organization, or individuals from Hyderabad Secunderabad are members of IMI. Since IMI is a movie industry based copyright society, there are no members from the classical music and classical dance fraternity. V.8.4. IRRO 10 The Indian Reprographic Rights Organization (IRRO) is a non-profit making organization. Its members are Indian and International authors and publishers. The IRRO was incorporated in the year of 2000 with the active participation of Authors Guilds of India and The Federation of Indian Publishers. The society has been registered by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Government of India, vide Registration No. CS/04/reprographic rights in the field of literary works/2002 dated 28th June 2002, as a Copyright Society under sub-section (3) of section 33 of the Copyright Act, 1957. IRRO is exclusively permitted to commence and carry on the Copyright business of reprographic rights in the field of literary works in India. IRRO is a member of the International Federation Reprographic Rights Organization (IFRRO). IRRO is the sole licensing authority in India, to issue licenses to users of copyrighted literary works of its members, and collect the royalties on their behalf, and distribute them. The society represents numerous authors and publishers of India, as well as foreign authors and publishers. Members of IRRO There is no membership information given for this organization, hence it needs to be verified, whether any of the authors or publishers in India, who are into publishing literary works for classical music and classical dance, have either registered or taken the support of this organization in copyright protection, so far. There are no registered members of IRRO, amongst those who have undertaken literary works in classic music and classical dance, in Hyderabad Secunderabad. V.8.5. SIMCA 11 South India Music Companies Association was set up in 1996, as an Association of Music Producers to look after the common problems faced by the Industry in South India. The membership of the association included those who belonged to IMI and/or PPL. SIMCA undertook some spectacular work in anti-piracy action and conducted raids all over the four States. It also represented to the State Governments regarding the need to contain piracy. In its limited way the association played a leading role in protecting the interests of the Producers of Music in South India. Activities of SIMCA include: Anti-Piracy, Regulating for the new economy, Radio, Ringtones, Digital Downloads, and Acting as a clearing house for music industry. Members of SIMCA Madhura Entertainment and Twenty Four Frames Factory Pvt. Ltd are the only two companies from Hyderabad, who are members of SIMCA. Since this is a copyright society for the purpose of the activities of the Film Music Industry in India, there are no classical musicians or dancers associated with this society. Despite such systematic regulations and legislations, the copyrights situation in India has not gained much momentum as compared to other countries. Though the provisions appear to be are similar, it is observed that the enforcement of Copyright laws is much more stringent in other countries as compared to India. An overview of the Copyrights situation in other countries, will give a clearer view. V.9. Copyrights situations in other countries 12 For the purpose of comparison and analysis, an overview of the legal provisions with respect to copyrights protection in three different countries has been observed. The copyrights situation in USA, Canada Australia can be viewed as under: V.10. Copyrights in the USA and Canada 13 It is a principle of American law that an author of a work may reap the fruits of his or her intellectual creativity for a limited period of time. Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States for original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic, choreographic, pantomimic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual creations. Copyright literally means the right to copy. The term has come to mean that body of exclusive rights granted by law to authors for protection of their work. The owner of copyright has the exclusive right: to reproduce, distribute, and, in the case of certain works, publicly perform or display the work; to prepare derivative works; in the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission; or to license others to engage in the same acts under specific terms and conditions. Copyright protection does not extend to any idea , procedure, process, slogan, principle, or discovery. Copyright requires a certain amount of intellectual labor; consequently, short dance phrases are not copyrightable, much the same as individual words or short verbal phrases are not. Ideas in someones head is not copyrightable, neither are improvised speeches or performances that have not been written down or recorded. Such works are automatically protected by copyright the moment they are fixed in a tangible form of expression even if they are never registered with the U.S. Copyright Office. The US Copyright Law provides for the acquisition of copyright for Dramatic works, including any accompanying music and Choreographic works and Pantomimes. For dance works, copyright protection is available for pieces captured on film or videotape, or through Notation (e.g., Labanotation or Benesh). A live performance is not copyrightable unless it is somehow recorded and, thereby, made tangible. Copyright of a videotape or film c overs all original elements of the picture, including any original script or music, and any audio and visual elements that are subject to copyright. A set or costume design is not copyrightable, unless it constitutes a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work. A performed but unfixed choreography will not be entitled to copyright protection under the Act. Section 2 of the Canadian Copyright Act specifically provides that dramatic work includes choreographic work, and the choreographic work can be described as the scenic arrangement or acting form of which is fixed in writing or otherwise. According to the Berne Convention, such crystallization or reduction or the choreography shall be in writing or otherwise. Canadian law also introduced the Private Copying Levies in 1997 as part of its copyright provision. A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a government-mandated scheme in which a special tax or levy which is additional to any general sales t ax, is charged on purchases of recordable media. Such taxes are in place in various countries and the income is typically allocated to the developers of content. USA relaxes this rule of private copying levy, with respect to home audio recording. All countries in the European Union (EU), except Luxemburg, are all implementing the private copying levy system, with respective rates applicable in each country. V.11. Concept of COPYLEFT in USA other countries 14 Copyleft is a form of licensing and can be used to maintain copyright conditions for works such as computer software, documents, music and art. In general, copyright law is used by an author to prohibit others from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of the authors work. On the other hand, giving permission to others to reproduce, adapt or distribute it is called Copyleft. Copyleft licenses are a novel use of existing copyright law to ensure a work remains freely available. V.11.1. Application of Copyleft Freedom to use the work. Freedom to study the work Freedom to copy and share the work with others Freedom to modify the work and freedom to distribute modified and derivative works. The GNU General Public License was the first Copyleft license to see extensive use. Creative Commons, a non-profit organization founded by Lawrence Lessig, provides a similar license called Share-Alike. V.12. CREATIVE COMMONS Copyleft Society in USA, Canada other countries 15 Creative Commons (CC) is a nonprofit organization that issues licenses to any copyrighted work, in such a way that the works is available to the public for free and legal sharing, use, repurposing, and remixing. CC licenses enable people to easily change their copyright terms from the default of all rights reserved to some rights reserved. The types of licenses issued by CC include: Some Rights Reserved Attribution Attribution Share-Alike Attribution No Derivatives Attribution Non-Commercial Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives V.13. Copyrights Situation in Australia 16 Australian law recognizes that individuals have the right to protect the moral and economic interests arising from their creative works. In Australia, copyright law is governed by the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), and in court decisions that have interpreted the provisions of the Act. The Act is amended from time to time to keep the law up to date. V.13.1. Requirements for protection In Australia there is no requirement to register to protect copyright works. Copyright protection is free and automatic, i.e., it does not depend on publication, a copyright notice, or any other procedure. Copyright material is protected from the time it is first written down or recorded in some way, provided it is the result of the creators skill and effort and is not merely copied from another work. The right to reproduce or copy a work is controlled by the copyright owner for the following types of material: Literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, cinematograph films, sound recordings, television and radio broadcasts, published editions. V.13.2. Duration of copyright Depending on the type of material the length of protection varies. In most cases, copyright lasts from the time of creation for the life of the creator plus 70 years. After that time, the material enters what is known as the public domain where it can be freely used without permission. V.13.3. Exclusive rights of copyright owners Owners of copyright have exclusive rights to deal with their works in certain ways. Anyone who wants to use their works in these ways will need the owners permission, although some exceptions to this rule apply. There are a number of exclusive rights depending on the genre of literary or artistic endeavor. For example copyright owners of literary, artistic, dramatic and musical works control the right to copy or reproduce, as well as the right to publish, perform in public, communicate to the public and adapt their works. V.13.4. Assigning and licensing rights Copyright owners may assign or license these rights to others. Assignment of copyright and licenses can include a number of limitations and conditions. These can include limitations on the type of use that can be made of the work, the period of time for which a license applies and requirements for payment. V.14. APRA AMCOS Copyright societies in AUSTRALIA 17 APRA AMCOS joint objective is to ensure composers/songwriters and publishers are rewarded whenever, and wherever, their musical works are played, performed or reproduced and help Australian New Zealand music consumers get access to the worlds musical repertoire. The Australasian Performing Right Association Limited (APRA) was established in 1926 and now administers the performing and communication rights of over 60,000 composers, songwriters and music publisher members in Australia and New Zealand. Public performances of music include music used in pubs, clubs, fitness centres, shops, cinemas, festivals, whether performed live, on CDs or played on the radio or television. Communication of music covers music used for music on hold, music accessed over the internet or used by television or radio broadcasters. The Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS) collects and distributes mechanical royalties for the reproduction of its members musical works for ma ny different purposes. These include the manufacture of CDs, music videos and DVDs, the sale of mobile phone ring-tones and digital downloads the use of production music and the making of radio and television programs. Since 1997, APRA has managed the day-to-day operations of the AMCOS business. V.15. Digital rights management (DRM) 18 Digital technology that inhibits uses of digital content not desired or intended by the content provider is called DRM. It is a systematic approach to copyright protection for digital media. The purpose of DRM is to prevent unauthorized redistribution of digital media and restrict the ways consumers can copy content theyve purchased. DRM products were developed in response to the rapid increase in online piracy of commercially marketed material. An embedded code prevents copying, by specifying a time period of access or by limiting the type of devices on which the content can be accessed. Though the digital content is protected by copyright laws, catching the law-breakers is not easy. The use of DRM may also be a barrier to future historians, since technologies designed to permit data to be read only on particular machines with particular keys for fixed time periods, might severely affect data recovery. DRM received legal backing from the WIPO International Treaty of 1996 and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. V.15.1. DRM Users (Copyrights in Music) Apple I-Tunes, Napster, Wal-Mart, Sony, Kazaa, MSN Music, Yahoo Music, Microsoft Zune etc. V.15.2. Shortcomings of DRM DRM faces several shortcomings such as: Ability to Rip CDs into DRM-Free Files Duplicating DRM files using Analog loophole Infringement by avoiding general computing platforms Failure due to improperly encrypted hardware Easy removal of Watermarks growth of Mass piracy by bit-perfect copying. V.16. Copyrights on Religious Works Ancient Texts 19 For copyright on religious works it is difficult to establish as to who could be the real rights holder. Under the provisions of the Berne convention, copyright is granted to the author on creation of the work. Several religions claim that their works were authored by their god or gods. For instance, many editions of the Bible are under copyright due to their unique edition or translation, though the Bible itself is believed to be the Word of God. V.17. Open Source Music 20 The recent concept of Open Source Music was introduced to provide access to public domain sheet music to musicians and music lovers.   Any music or work of art, which is not under the purview of copyright, comes to be known as art in the public domain. When such works are made freely available on the internet or other sources, they are known as open source artistic works. Open source music lists the works and recordings as also audio mp3s of all those artists, composers and music producers who want their works to be made known to the world, without being hindered by copyright protection. This concept has been propagated by people who were of the opinion that copyrights should not exist in art and music. Open source issues licenses which allow the users to freely share or redistribute any original works or derived works. All these aspects give rise to the following analysis of the copyrights situation in India, as compared to the copyrights situations in other countr ies such as USA, Canada, and Australia: V.18. Comparison of Copyrights Situations in India Abroad Copyright law enforcement is very strict in USA, Canada Australia. The government takes special measures to ensure that these statues are very effective implemented. Whereas in India, though the strict written laws and rules have been stated effectively, the actual copyright protection has not been accorded significant importance in the practical usage. There are very specific rules for choreographic works, dance works, pantomimes and other such works in the US Canadian copyright law. The words Dance Work and Pantomime are not listed in the Copyright Act 1957 of India. There is a necessity to include these definitions and practical applications and / or modify and amend any of the existing definitions in order to be able to protect the intellectual property and choreographic works of dance artists and dance teachers. The copyright enforcement in India is far from the standards established in the actual law. This is because the legal enforcement forces such as copyright agen cies and the police are themselves not completely informed about the legalities involved with copyright protection. Even otherwise, the awareness level is not comprehensive and exhaustive with respect to all the aspects related to copyrights and related rights. Hence, whenever any copyrights issues arise, the enforcement agencies or officials are not able to tackle them effectively. Whereas, in USA other countries, there are several special and active copyright enforcement cells that are always vigilant about infringers, violators and piracies. There are few copyright societies in India, which are involved in the protection of copyrights. Though these societies are working very effectively to bring in copyright enforcement, there is not much co-operation from the general public. The reasons for these could be that there is no awareness among the public as to why copyrights are required, and even if so, the main question that arises in India, is that what could be the benefit of such copyright protection to the common man. Whereas in the other countries, the government as well as private agencies make it a specific point to impart copyright education, right from the secondary school level. Though the copyright societies and enforcement cells available in India, the actual execution of the law is very slow and these cells are not as active as the enforcement cells in USA other countries. As a result, the enforcement of copyrights and other rights are much stronger in those countries as compared to India. Concepts like DRM, Open access, Copyleft, Open source, Share-Alike etc. are not yet recognized in most regions in India, and hence may not hold much relevance unless awareness is created about the basic aspects of copyrights to everyone. Only when there is awareness of the basic concepts, there is scope for the general public to be updated on the latest trends in intellectual property protection. On the other hand, these concepts are already very much in practice and administration in other countries. In a country like India, where rampant piracy is in vogue, concepts like Copyleft, Share-Alike, Open source etc., may not be of much significance because such aspects would only worsen the problem of infringement and piracy, and also give open access to further malpractices in copyright infringement. Except India and a few others, several countries are following the system of Private Copying Levy. Through this method, it can be identified as to how many blank audio/video media is being purchased, and by whom and if so, for what purpose. Such a system does not exist in India. Problems like high population, unemployment, recession, and poverty are all causes for high rate of copyright piracy and infringement in India. Illegal copying and sharing provides quick and easy income to several people in the country. Unless the country is able to tackle these issues, the concept of copyrights may not hold much relevance. On the othe r hand, copyright protection has accorded very good income, growth and encouragement to the creators of original artistic works in other countries and several new measures are being introduced every now and then, at international levels, to help the growth of copyright awareness. Compared to other countries, there are no special provisions specified in the existing Copyright Act, with respect to religious and ancient works. Hence, it remains to be established as to what could be the status in India such as ancient scriptures, religious texts, translations, adaptations etc. The creators and owners of intellectual properties are themselves not aware of the legal procedures related to protection of their works in India. Whereas, every person involved in the creation of intellectual properties in other countries are imparted at least bare minimum awareness of copyright protection, due to the educational system existing in those countries. V.19. Conclusion The enforcement of Copyright laws is much more stringent in USA as compared to India. Uses of services like youtube, google videos etc is highly restricted. There is no download facility available in such public video forums, in USA. In India, such downloads can be easily attempted, by using certain types of software. Even the usage of downloaded videos or buffered videos is not allowed in many instances in USA, unless and until proper referrals are provided by the user. Pirated and hacking softwares are easily available in India, which is proving to be an added tool for the copyright infringers and offenders. In USA and other countries, one cannot easily find websites hosting illegal music or downloads, because such things are immediately brought to the notice of the federal authorities. Copyright violation is considered to be a very serious offence in this country. As a consequence, it is also observed that there is a bit of reticence amongst artists and the audience, wi th respect to the progress and growth of the music industry in USA. Hence, the need for relaxation of certain rules has been identified by the lawmakers in USA. Forums such as Creative Commons have been instituted in order to make the copyright laws more people friendly. This is because there are heavy fluctuations in the already recession prone economy, when it comes to the music and art industries. These forums are issuing special licenses where works of other people can be used based on certain clauses which have been specifically included into such licenses. Copyright is a major issue in a country like USA, whereas in India, the awareness level is catching up only. Whether it would lead to a positive or negative impact on the economy and the overall music, dance and artistic communities, cannot be stated as of now.

Effective Ethics and Ethical Behavior - 1468 Words

Effective ethics and ethical behavior Memorandum and Report Carol Harris TO: Rebecca M. Melton, ABC Toy Co. CEO FROM: Carol Harris, Elementary Division Manager, ABC Toy Co. DATE: 6/5/11 SUBJECT: Product quality issue and a report on ethical decision making. This memo addresses a product quality issue with a whistle included in our toy collection. I have included a report on the importance of ethical decision making and strategies the ABC Toy Co. could adopt to ensure that all members of ABC Toy Company make ethical decisions. This morning I received a memo from the manager of quality assurance. During a routine test, the department†¦show more content†¦Established strategies are a step in the right direction towards creating ethical decision making at all levels. They will help establish criteria for ethical behavior. ABC Toy Company would benefit from a code of ethics. By using the aforementioned strategies and criteria we could create our own code of ethics. A few of the benefits a code of ethics supply are: *A code of ethics gives employees guidance for solving ethical dilemmas. *A code of ethics would encourage communication between employees about ethics. *A code of ethics could be used to debate or argue your cause. *A code of ethics would spell out our obligation to the public. *A code of ethics would provide a reference point. The following analysis explores the National Association of Social Worker’s (NASW) code of ethics for examples that may be used in creating our own code of ethics. NASW’s code of ethics serves six purposes: (NASW, 2008), 1. Identifies the values of social work’s mission. 2. It condenses broad ethical principles-to establish ethical standards specific to social work practice. 3. Is geared to help identify important considerations when conflict or ethical questions arise. 4. Provides standards that can be used to hold social workers accountable. 5. It familiarizes new practitioners to social works mission, values, and ethical standards. 6. It clearly characterizes standards the social work profession can use to assess ethical conduct issues.Show MoreRelated Codes of Ethics are the Most Effective Method of Instilling Ethical Behavior Within an Organization2331 Words   |  10 Pagesclear the values depicted within an organisation are known as ethical codes. For these codes to be considered effective they are required to be able to define the responsibilities of an organisation to stakeholders, the conduct expected of employees (Kaptein Wempe, 2002) and articulate the ethical parameters of the organization as to what is acceptable and what is not (Stevens, 1994). While behaviour of course, refers to the ethical behaviour of individuals in organizations. 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To behave ethicallyRead MoreThe Five Business Ethics Myths Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Ethics Misconceptions Trevino Brown (2004) in Academy of Management Executives talked about the five business ethics myths. 1. It is easy to be ethical 2. Unethical behavior in business results from bad people 3. A formal code of ethics is the easiest way to manage them 4. Principled leadership revolves around your leaders 5. At one time, people appeared to be more ethical Pundits and business leaders say being ethical is straightforward when being ethical is complexRead MoreThe Ethics Of An Ethical Leader822 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of ethics is fundamental to leadership effectiveness. Human relationships, our being, and roles in society influence morality by right and wrong, good and evil, or just and unjust actions. As a human relationship, leadership hallmarks power, influence, vision, obligation, and responsibility (Ciulla, 2003). These attributes can undermine or contribute to the success of the ethical and effective leader in education. Power is defined as the capability or ability to direct or influenceRead MoreThe Ethics And Organizational Communications1448 Words   |  6 Pages The study of Ethics and organizational communications has been an ongoing subject. It has been introduced as a way to be a more effective communicator, especially pertaining to an organization. It is a practical way to improve morale between an employer to his employee as well as a client to an organization. Resolution of ethical behaviors and practices are essential to any organization. The following study of Ethics and organizational communications has been studied and explored by other scholarsRead MoreThe Rise of Enron Essay examples1632 Words   |  7 Pagesof this decade ethical scandals erupted though corporate America. Corporate Leaders from major companies such as Enron were caught up in scandal’s ranging from fraud, conspiracy, grand larceny to obstruction of justice† (Cross, 2011, p. 76). At the time, the Enron scandal was considered to be one of the most notorious and compelling business ethics cases in modern generations. It’s was a textbook version of what can go wrong in an organization that lacks a true culture of ethical standards. InvestorsRead MoreBenefits Of Ethical Leadership : A Positive Corporate Reputation, Ethically Empowered Employees, Increased Quality, And Higher1734 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits of ethical leadership; having a positive corporate reputation, ethically empowered employees, increased quality, and high er customer satisfaction. Ethical leadership will benefit an organization, because it creates a healthy ethical environment, and culture which produces a positive corporate reputation. This will foster employees that; appreciate that ethics is important, recognizes and discusses ethical concerns, works to resolve ethics issues at the lowest level, sees ethics as part ofRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1180 Words   |  5 PagesEthical issues in organizations are inevitable and are always on the horizon. These ethical concerns can directly impact the overall health of an organization in both positive and negative aspects. In order to be prepared for the ethical issues that will arise and to create an organizational competitive advantage, an intentional focus and effective communication of the code of ethics must be incorporated as a part of strategic planning. Sherwin (1983) indicates the that the term ethics, â€Å"refers to

Fathers Rights - 622 Words

Speech 101 Speech 4 April 6, 2011 Why Fathers should have Equal Rights? Due to problems arising out of bitter divorces, custody, and support battles fathers are ostracize out of their children’s life. Fathers are often looked at as the bad person when things go wrong and being the blame. Fathers are just as responsible for the child being born as the mother. Over the years fathers continue to fight for equal rights, mothers are looked at as the victims and often make false statements about the fathers to suit their own selfish needs. Accusations of sexual and child abuse by mothers of the noncustodial fathers are often found to be untrue. However women being resentful of their husbands because of infidelity making it impossible†¦show more content†¦The mother keeps the child away from the father even if he is or is not paying support just because she can’t have that man. While support becomes the issues and not the child that thought alone of the father being put through this to satisfy the pe rsonal vengeance, and child suffers in the process. Therefore due to problems arising out of bitter divorces, custody, and support battles fathers are ostracize out of their children’s life those issues are driving forces why fathers should have equal rights. Not all women are like this but, for the ones that are rules need to be set in place to protect the father just as well as the child. Not all fathers are bad and should not be looked at and contained in a box with those who refuse to take responsibility for their children. What it should all come down to is the welfare of the child but, in all court battles for custody, support, it is put in a system that is judging a person not by their actions but by accusation of one that has axe to grind against another. Fathers still have the right to access school and other records concerning their children. Nearly 40 percent of all American children, and 69 percent of black children, are born outside of marriage. This leaving the woman to think that she has to be the father and mother becoming angry and bitter, we all should have rights when it come to our children but, they should all be equal rights because when it all boils down to it, the childShow MoreRelatedA Fathers Right to His Unborn Child995 Words   |  4 Pageswhether a woman has the legal right to end a pregnancy with an abortion, but whether or not it is ethically justifiable to ruin a father’s relationship with his unborn child (Father’s rights, N.D., par. 1). Different circumstances call for different measures to be taken, but when a father wants his child, the outcome should be obvious. Because of the infamous court case Roe v. Wade, women everywhere have the right to terminate a pregnancy, with or without the father’s consent. 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What it Means to become a Teacher free essay sample

What is Life Like as an Educator? I use to think that the best part of being a teacher was the brightly colored bulletin boards, the smell of freshly sharpened pencils, the Crayola Crayons, and the endless supply of organized office supplies neatly placed on the teachers desk. I spent countless summers of my childhood assisting my mother, a third grade teacher, with the annual set up of her classroom. On those hot summer days, I admired the creativity, organization, and enthusiasm my mother holds for her profession. It inspired me so much that I decided I too wanted to be a teacher. IVe come a long way in my initial reason of why I want to me an educator. With my experiences and education in ED109, the reading requirements, class discussions and interview, I now know that teaching is much more fulfilling than what I first observed so many years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on What it Means to become a Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It takes dedication, willingness to learn, thoughtfulness and compassion to thrive and survive in this profession. The following paper will explore my observations of this experience. Ill begin with my interview with my mother, a third grade teacher for the past fifteen years, in a low socioeconomic school district. I sat down with her and asked her to share her insight that might help me continue my journey as an up and coming educator. I asked her, What is the best part of being a teacher? She responded, every day you feel that you have made a difference in a childs life. Whether it is teaching them to read, enhancing their social skills or celebrating their achievements you know that you mattered. When its the end of the day and kids say l want to stay here in school its so much fun! you know you are the one that got them to love to learn. When discussing this with my mother is ade me look back at my experiences and helped me to anticipate the fulfillment of student success and the Joy of learning. This made me understand the importance of teaching and how teachers impact students every day. I went on to ask her about the challenges she faces in the teaching profession. My mother explained that it can be the work outside working and teaching students. She gave me examples of the paper work involved in keeping accurate scores and grading papers, bus duty, and at times endless school meetings that could be done more efficiently. She explained hat is comes with the profession, but definitely not a favorite amongst teachers. When reading the chapters in Pearl Rock Kanes book My First Year as a Teacher, I saw other challenges teachers face. For example in chapter two, Ms. Nehemiah struggles to get her class on topic. The book states l wanted to discuss F. Scott Fitzgeralds use of metaphor in The Great Gatsby. They wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room(Kane 1991). This shows me that it is difficult to control a classroom as a first year teacher and how first year teachers eed to come up with effective strategies to be in control. Ms. Nehemiah fgures out strategies by communicating with her peers and other teachers that have the experience she doesnt. This helped her realize her strengths and weaknesses. Her ability to take constructive criticism and reflect on herself is why she is still a teacher today. When interviewing my mother and reflecting on my readings, I was able to gain a better understanding of challenges in a classroom and what I can do to surpass the challenges to be the most ettective educator. I wanted to know what sne elt new educators needed to know before entering the profession. My mom clearly stated that if you are not going to give it your all, dont do it. She reflected on a poor experience she had with a student teacher placement she had several years ago. She explained that the student teachers heart and passion Just wasnt there and the students and staff could feel it. I gathered from my moms response that a strong work ethic, passion for the profession, and willingness to reflect is what is needed to be an effective educator. Her response went along activities on pursuing the profession of teaching. During the class discussions and activities, I learned that there are multiple steps to become a teacher, such as in the state of Massachusetts, you are required to take the MTEL tests for you area of study to become a licensed teacher. Also, you have to maintain a masters degree in art or science. I would not have had the knowledge of this if I wasnt in this education class. This class has provided me with a deeper understanding on what it takes to become a teacher and what life as a teacher will be like. Later in the interview, I asked what do colleges need to so in order to prepare new teachers for the profession? My mothers response was that all colleges and their education students need to dissect and interpret the new Common Core Standards. I gathered from our conversation that new educators will be required to know the standards and will have to develop instruction accordingly. Principals and school districts will search out new educators that are experienced and familiar with the Common Core. This conversation about the Common Core Standards made me realize that although we have not explored this topic in ED109, as I delve deeper into the education classes at Lasell College, I will ook for opportunities to grasp these standards. Finally, I asked what can I expect if I become a teacher? She said Expect that you will lose sleep at night thinking about how you will help Johnny read or that Mary needs a winter coat for recess. You will get out of bed and search your closets for a coat for Mary. You will finally get Johnny to read and when he does, you will celebrate on your car ride home with the radio blasting. You will celebrate and get discouraged. Your patience will be tested, but your heart will be filled. You will have to manage your time and give it your all every ay. Her response can be connected to the reading and the discussions in class. I remember in class Jess stated something along the lines of You worry about your students even though you arent in the classroom. You will lose sleep thinking about lesson plans and you will be stressed out. You cant let the students see you crumbling if something doesnt work out exactly as planned, because many things do not go perfectly in a classroom. This really stuck with me after being in the class, because it shows the passion and heart you have to have for the profession and if ou dont have that heart and passion you will not survive in the classroom. As for the readings, they connected to my mothers response, especially in chapter six of My First Year as a Teacher by Pearl Rock Kane because it explains that this teacher worries about her students even after she has taught them. Ms. McClurg says And I wonder if any of the students who shared in that fourth-period class remember the long dark winter that turned into spring and how they changed the life of a friendless boy named Leo- and the life of an inexperienced teacher(Kane 1991). When eading this quote it really shows that a teacher really thinks and reflects about every student they nave and nad over the years.